Hypertension: 5 types of hypertension, expert opinion
Written byTimes Magazine
High blood pressure, or high blood pressure, occurs when blood pressure, or the force with which the blood pushes against the walls of the blood vessels, remains consistently high. Because of this, the heart and blood vessels have to work very hard to pump blood and reduce their efficiency. Over time, this can lead to tissue damage in the arteries.
This can still put you at risk for heart attack and stroke. High blood pressure is often asymptomatic and is called the silent killer.There are different types of hypertension ranging from essential to resistant hypertension. If your blood pressure is persistently high, you should have it checked and start treatment. (Also read: Hypertension: simple tips for controlling blood pressure during a cold spell)
“Chronic high systemic blood pressure above 140 mmHg is called hypertension or systemic hypertension. However, the Indian IV Hypertension Guideline (IGH IV) defines hypertension as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mmHg. The ACC/AHA guidelines changed the range to 130/80," says Dr.BM Makkar, Chief Diabetologist and President of RSSDI.
dr Makkar joins HT Digital to talk about the different types of high blood pressure and how to manage them.
TYPES OF HYPERTENSION
1 Essential Hypertension
It is usually asymptomatic and can be diagnosed by routine blood pressure checks or community screening. Indian patients with primary hypertension are mostly unaware of their condition and go undiagnosed. As a result, Department of Health and Family Affairs guidelines indicated that patients with risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease are those over the age of 60.
2. Secondary hypertension
Often due to a known cause that leads to a sudden deterioration in blood pressure.It is a secondary diagnosis in conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea, aldosteronism, renovascular hypertension and renal failure (OSA). About 5 to 10% of hypertensive cases may develop secondary hypertension, of which 2 to 3% is renoparenchymal hypertension and 1 to 2% is renovascular hypertension.
3. Gestational Hypertension
This is a condition that affects pregnant women and increases the risk of maternal death and fetal abnormalities. It can occur with or without a diagnosis of preeclampsia.
4. White Coat Hypertension
Also known as clinically isolated hypertension, it is characterized by high blood pressure readings in the office but normal readings outside the office. The diagnosis of white coat hypertension is indicated by ambulatory blood pressure measurement. White coat hypertension occurs in patients whose ambulatory blood pressure is at least 20/10 mmHg higher than the ambulatory values. Younger populations of Indian patients are at higher risk for white-coat hypertension than older populations.
5. Resistant hypertension
When three or more antihypertensive drugs, including diuretics, fail to control a patient's hypertension despite treatment, noncompliance and inadequate antihypertensive therapy can be ruled out as causes. These patients are then diagnosed with treatment-resistant hypertension. It affects 10% of people and is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease, damage to target organs, and death from any cause.
HOW TO TREAT HYPERTENSION
1.Each patient's individual profile and response to treatment must be considered to select the best therapeutic agent to control hypertension.
2. ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) can be used alone or in combination with BCCs (calcium channel blockers) to lower blood pressure in people with diabetes.
3. Combination therapy with ARA and CCB is recommended in the management of hypertensive patients to improve blood pressure control, reduce the risk of problems, and improve patient compliance.
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